In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a complex and highly scheduled process that involves several stages and medical procedures. For couples deciding to undergo IVF, understanding each step can help reduce anxiety and ensure a smoother experience.
Preparing for IVF
Preparation for IVF involves hormone shots for 10 to 20 days to stimulate the ovaries. The duration depends on how well the ovaries respond to the hormones. During this time, the woman will visit the fertility clinic at least four times for blood tests and ultrasounds to monitor hormone levels and egg growth. Based on these results, the doctor adjusts the hormone dosage with instructions and support provided by an IVF nurse who remains in close contact.
Hormone Shots and Monitoring
The timing of hormone shots is crucial, especially the final hormone shot before egg retrieval. This shot is often scheduled at a specific time, which may even be in the middle of the night, to ensure the eggs are at the right stage for retrieval.
Egg Retrieval
On the day of egg retrieval, the woman checks in at the clinic, and the man provides a sperm sample. The woman receives a light anesthetic to keep her comfortable during the procedure. During the procedure, a probe with a small needle is inserted through the vaginal wall to extract the mature eggs from the ovaries. The retrieval process takes about 15 to 30 minutes. Afterward, the woman is monitored for a few hours before going home. Typically, the woman can return to work the next day.
Fertilization and Embryo Development
The retrieved eggs and sperm are mixed in a lab dish for fertilization. If successful, the fertilized egg becomes an embryo. The lab evaluates and grades the embryos based on their growth and robustness. Doctors wait until embryos reach the blastocyst stage (60 to 100 cells, about five days of growth) before deciding which ones to transfer, as this stage provides a clearer indication of embryo quality. However, not all embryos reach the blastocyst stage.
Embryo Transfer
Before starting IVF, couples must decide on the number of embryos to transfer, considering factors like embryo quality, the woman’s age, and the risks of multiple pregnancies. Transferring more embryos increases the chances of pregnancy but also the risk of multiples. This decision is made in consultation with the fertility specialist, and couples typically sign documents specifying their choices.
The Transfer Process
Transferring embryos into the uterus is a minor procedure that doesn't require anesthesia. The doctor uses a thin tube to slide the embryos through the cervix and into the uterus. Bed rest is recommended for one or two days after the transfer, depending on the case. It is generally advised to avoid heavy lifting, strenuous exercise, and sexual intercourse for a week or two post-transfer.
Post-Transfer and Pregnancy Test
Approximately two weeks after the transfer, a blood test is conducted to determine if the woman is pregnant.
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